Improvements in composition-roofing



o. w. BAILEY.

Improvement in Composition Roofing NO.124,192. Patented March5,1872.

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IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOSITION-ROOFING.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 124,192, dated March 5,1872.

To all to whom these presents shall come:

Be it known that I, DAVIS \V. BAILEY, of Hin gham, in the county ofPlymouth and State of Massachusetts, have made an invention of a new anduseful Concrete or Composite Roofing Material and mode of applying thesame; and do hereby declare the nature of the sameto be described in thefollowing specification and shown in the accompanying drawing, which isa vertical section of a roof embodying my invention.

lleretofore, in the application of concrete or composition roofs, thematerials, if sufficiently hard to resist the wearing efi'ects of stormsand the action of fire, have been very liable to crack, and thus losethe principal virtue claimed for them-thatof being perfectlywater-proof. The purpose of this invention is to produce a compositeroof composed of an inner and elastic and comparatively soft material,and an outlying covering of such hardness as to resist wear from anycause and being fire-proof, the inner material being at all times in asemi-plastic or flexible condition, which can, under no circumstances,become cracked, and so that water which might find its way through theouter coating, in the event of the latter becoming cracked, will beeffectually shed by the said inner coat.

In carrying my invention into practice I proceed as follows: First, Ideposit upon the roof two layers of paper or felt, after the ordinarymanner of laying water'proof roofs, the material being secured by meansof thin cleats of wood or tin buttons. Next, I take a quantity ofasphalt and incorporate with it a sufficient quantity of dead-oil tomake the mass elastic or semi-elastic at a low temperature, adding to itwhile quite hot an equal amount in bulk of ground stone, line dry clay,or other fine mineral substance, and about five one-hundredth parts eachof asbestus or comminuted or ground mica, thoroughly mixing the whole. Inext, with a mop or small ladle, cover the surface ofthe paperand cleatswith a thin coat of the above composition, and after reducing it to alevel surface I cover the same with another layer of t rred paper orfelt, lapping the edges of the sheets one and one-half inches, thislatter layer of paper or felt adhering tenaciously to the compositionbelow it. I next,

as at first, besmear this latter layer of felt with a thick coating ofthe same composition, and while it is in a hot state spread upon it drygravel in sufficient quantity to produce aslightly-roughened surface,and then allow it to become cold or set, after which I apply to thesurface a composition compounded of the following-named ingredients,viz.: Coarse sand, two parts; fine gravel, one part screened coalashes,one part; ground stone, one part; or, omitting the ashes, add double thequantity of the ground stone. I now proceed by moistening the abovecompound and mix it to a proper consistency with a composition obtainedas follows, viz.: Asphalt, one-fourth barrel; coal tar, three-fourthsbarrel; fine tar, three-eighths barrel; naphtha, from two to fivegallons. After thoroughly mixing the whole, it is spread over thesurface last obtained in a uniformlyeven mass, and upon it is depositedgranulated marble or other stone, according to the color desired, whichis rolled into it with an iron roller weighing, preferably, about onehundred and fifty pounds, which completes the main body of the roofing.In orderto obtain asmooth and finished surface, as well as to preventthe roller from sticking and permit walking over it immediately, Ideposit upon the last-named surface amixture composed of air-slakedlime, one part; ground marble, one part ground slate, or a suitablecement, one part.

By the employment of the successive layers of felt and composition Iobtain a uniformlytenacious, elastic, and perfectly water-proof surface,which permits without injury to it the expansion and contraction of theboards below it, while, as before stated, the outer coating isfire-proof, and is sufficientl y hard to resist for a great length oftime the effects of the elements. The addition of the marble, or itsequivalent, imparts a light-colored and pleasing appearance, and doesnot attract the rays of the sun.

By the use of my roof I avoid the annoyance of the washing off ofpebbles, as is common with the ordinary composition-roof.

I do not in any sense confine myself strictly to the proportions of thedifferent compounds herein given, as these may be varied to aconsiderable extent without departing from what I believe to be theessential features of my invention-whicl1 consists, first, of therepeated layers of paper or felt and composition, followed up by anouter coating of a difl'erent compound; secondly, in a composite roofcomposed of an inner and elastic or semi-elastic medium, which is, underall circumstances, perfectly Water-proof, and an outer exposed surfaceof a sufiieiently hard nature to resist wear from any cause; and thirdlyand incidentally, in the several formulas herein given of compoundingand incorporating ingredients.

The accompanying drawing represents at A the rafters, and at B theboarding of a roof. 0 represents the first layer of paper or felt; D,the preliminary coating of the elastic Water- Claim.

I claim-- The herein described mode, process, and compounds, in theproduction of composite or concrete roofs.

DAVIS W. BAILEY.

WVitnesses FRED. CURTIS, W. E. BOARDMAN.

